Dry Eye Syndrome

Refers to a collections of symptoms that make up an eye condition that stems from imbalance in the quantity or the quality of the tears. These symptoms include dry, red, gritty and even watery eyes. Often, dry eyes sufferers  report the feeling of something foreign within their eye or eye strain.

The role of tears

Dry Eye Syndrome
Tears bathe and lubricate the eye. Each time you blink, new tears are formed in the several glands located around each eye. A healthy tear film consists of a delicate balance of three layers:

  1. Outer lipid
  2. Middle Aqueous
  3. Inner Mucin

Causes of dry eye syndrome

The moisture level in the eye is maintained by the balance of tear production and tear loss through drainage and evaporation. When this balance is not sustained, dry spots appear on the surface and cause irritation.

Risk Factors

There are certain factors that contribute to Dry Eye Syndrome, although both men and women of any age may experience it.

Aging: Advancing age is the single most important factor for Dry Eye Syndrome.

Women: Hormonal changes brought on by pregnancy, lactation, menstruation and post menopause.

Disease: Several diseases result in Dry Eye Syndrome such as:

  • Rheumatoid Arthritis
  • Diabetes
  • Thyroid Abnormalities
  • Asthma
  • Cataracts
  • Glaucoma
  • Lupus

Medications: Antidepressants, Decongestants, Antihistamines, Blood Pressure Medication, Oral Contraceptives, Diuretics, Ulcer Medication, Tranquilizers and Beta Blockers.

Diagnosis

Your Optometrist can perform a simple, in office diagnostic test to evaluate the quantity and quality of your tears. This can be done on the slit Lamp and the Tearscope.

Treatment

Replacing the tears: Artificial Tears are probably the most common form of treatment. These provide temporary relief.

Conservice the tears: In cases of persistent dry eye symptoms, permanent closure of the tear duct, or punctual occlusion,  may be the best solution. Punctual occlusion allows you to retain your own, natural tears without the bother or expense of constantly replacing the tear film with artificial tears.